重要信息
研究表明,症状性颅内血管狭窄患者在接下来的90天内面临相同动脉区域的卒中高发风险。
-CLAIR10研究表明,尽早联合使用氯吡格雷和阿司匹林比单用阿司匹林更能有效地减少急性症状性脑动脉或颈动脉狭窄患者的微栓子信号(第2天时采用30分钟经颅多普勒超声测定)。
注:既往研究已经确定,微栓子信号是颅外颈动脉疾病和颅内血管狭窄患者日后发生卒中风险的独立标志。
-两组患者都没有出现颅内或严重的全身性出血,但双联治疗组中有2名患者发生轻微出血:1名是黏膜,1名是皮下。
-这些结果是否能够转化成降低早期卒中,需要进一步研究,但CaRESS患者集的荟萃风险预测,复发性卒中风险下降6%。
研究问题
氯吡格雷联合阿司匹林疗法是否比单用阿司匹林疗法更能有效地减少颅内血管狭窄致近期卒中患者的微栓子信号。
试验设计
随机、开放性、盲终点试验
干预措施
-单用阿司匹林(75-mg)
-或阿司匹林(75-mg)加氯吡格雷(首日mg,之后75mg)
症状发作7天内启动治疗,并持续7天
入选标准
-来自亚洲,18岁以上,依据WHO标准临床诊断为急性缺血性卒中或短暂性缺血发作,基线时有微栓子信号
-使用首剂试验药物之前卒中症状发作在7天以内
-CT检查排除了脑内出血、脑肿瘤或同时排除了二者
-经颈动脉多普勒、经颅多普勒或磁共振血管造影证实,症状区存在颅外或颅内颈内动脉或大脑中动脉的实质性狭窄(≥50%)
排除标准
-NIHSS评分8
-神经血管评估未发现大血管闭塞
-颅内出血史
-已知的氯吡格雷或阿司匹林禁忌症
-卒中发作前使用过抗凝药物或有明确的抗凝治疗适应症
-随机分组前持续高血压(SBPmmHg或DBPmmHg)
-合并严重的全身性疾病,如晚期癌症、肾衰竭(肌酸酐μmol/L)、肝硬化,严重痴呆或精神病
-心电图显示房颤(过去或现在)
-风湿性心脏病
-金属心脏瓣膜
-血小板减少症(血小板计数/mm3)
-孕妇、哺乳妇女、试验期间计划妊娠、或随机分组前尿妊娠试验呈阳性
-正参加其他临床试验
临床结局
-一级终点:分组后第2天有微栓子信号的患者比例
-其他结局:
1.分组后第7天时至少有一个微栓子
2.随机分组第7天发现的,且第1天时未发现的新卒中的MRI证据
3.第1和第7天的NIHSS评分
4.第7天的MMSE
-不良反应(安全性结局)
1.颅内出血或脑梗死的出血性转化
2.其他严重出血
3.轻微出血
4.各种不良事件
5.全因死亡
参考文献:
WongKS,ChenC,FuJ,etal.CLAIR:Clopidogrelplusaspirinversusaspirinaloneforreducingembolisationinpatientswithacutesymptomaticcerebralorcarotidarterystenosis(CLAIRstudy):arandomised,open-label,blinded-endpointtrial.LancetNeurol;9:-.
英文版
CLAIR10:Clopidogrelplusaspirinversusaspirinaloneforreducingembolisationinpatientswithacutesymptomaticcerebralorcarotidarterystenosis(CLAIRstudy):arandomised,open-label,blinded-endpointtrial
TAKEHOMEPOINTS
Patientsofsymptomaticintracranialstenosiswereshowntobeathighriskofstrokeswithinthesamearterialterritoryinthenext90days.
-CLAIR10demonstratedthatearlyinitiationofClopidogrelwithAspirininpatientsofacutesymptomaticcerebralorcarotidstenosisismoreeffectiveinreducingthemicroembolisignals(measuredonday2using30minuterecordingwithTranscranialdoppler)thanAspirinalone.NOTE:Priorstudieshaveidentifiedmicroembolisignalsasindependentmarkersoffuturestrokeinpatientsofbothextracranialcarotiddiseaseorintra-cranialstenosis.
-Therewerenointracranialorseveresystemichaemorrhageineithergroup,but2patientsinthedualtherapygrouphadminorhaemorrhages:onemucosalandonesubcutaneous.
-Whethertheseresultstranslatestoreductioninearlystrokesneedstostudied,butameta-analysiswithCaRESSpatientpoolestimated6%reductioninrecurrentstrokes.
RESEARCHQUESTION
WhetherClopidogrelwithAspirinismoreeffectiveinreducingthemicroembolicsignalsthanAspirinaloneinpatientsofrecentstrokesduetointracranialstenosis.
TRIALDESIGN
Randomized,openlabel,blindedendpointtrial
INTERVENTION
-EitherAspirin(75-mg)alone
-OrAspirin(75-mg)plusClopidogrel(mgonfirstdaythen75mg)
Startedwithin7daysofsymptomonsetandcontinuedfor7days.
INCLUSIONCRITERIA
-PatientsfromAsiaagedatleast18yearswithaclinicaldiagnosisofacuteischaemicstrokeortransientischaemicattackaccordingtoWHOcriteriawhohadmicroembolicsignalsatbaseline
-Symptomonsetwithin7daysbeforereceivingthefirstdoseoftrialdrug
-Exclusionofintracerebralhaemorrhage,braintumour,orbothonCT
-Presenceinthesymptomaticareaofsubstantial(≥50%)extracranialorintracranialinternalcarotidarteryormiddlecerebralarterystenosisconfirmedwithcarotidduplex,transcranialdoppler,ormagneticresonanceangiography.
EXCLUSIONCRITERIA
-NIHSS8
-Nolargearteryocclusivediseaseonneurovascularassessment
-Historyofintracerebralhaemorrhage
-Knowncontraindicationtoclopidogreloraspirin
-Anticoagulationtherapybeforeonsetofstrokeordefiniteindicationforanticoagulation
-Sustainedhypertension(SBPmmHgorDBPmmHg)beforerandomisation
-Coexistingseveresystemicdiseases,suchasterminalcarcinoma,renalfailure(creatinineμmol/L),cirrhosis,severedementia,orpsychosis
-KnownA.Fibonelectrocardiogram(pastorpresent);
-Rheumaticheartdisease
-Metallicheartvalve
-Thrombocytopenia(plateletcountpermm3);
-Beingpregnant,breastfeeding,planningpregnancyduringthecourseofthetrial,orhavingapositiveurinepregnancytestbeforerandomisation
-Participationinanotherclinicaltrial.
OUTCOMEMEASURES
-Primaryendpoint:proportionofpatientswhohadmicroembolisignalsonday2fromrandomization.
-Othermeasures:
1.Presenceofatleastonemicroemboliatday7fromrandomization
2.MRIevidenceofnewstrokesonday7ofrandomizationthatarenotseenonday1
3.NIHSSonday1and7
4.MMSEonday7
-Adverseeffects(Safetymeasure):
1.Intracranialhemorrhageorhemorrhagictransformationofinfarction
2.Otherserioushemmorrhage
3.Minorbleeding
4.Anyadverseevents
5.Deathofanycause
REFERENCE:
WongKS,ChenC,FuJ,etal.CLAIR:Clopidogrelplusaspirinversusaspirinaloneforreducingembolisationinpatientswithacutesymptomaticcerebralorcarotidarterystenosis(CLAIRstudy):arandomised,open-label,blinded-endpointtrial.LancetNeurol;9:-.
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